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The library of Celsus is an ancient Roman building in Ephesus, Anatolia, now part of Selçuk, Turkey. It was built in honour of the Roman Senator Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus (completed in 135 AD) by Celsus' son, Gaius Julius Aquila (consul, 110 AD). The library was built to store 12,000 scrolls and to serve as a mausoleum for Celsus, who is buried in a crypt beneath the library.〔 The interior of the library was destroyed, supposedly by an earthquake in 262 A.D.,〔Clyde E. Fant, Mitchell GReddish, ''A Guide to Biblical Sites in Greece and Turkey'', Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, p. 194.〕 and the façade by another earthquake in the tenth or eleventh century A.D.〔Clive Foss, ''Ephesus After Antiquity: A Late Antique, Byzantine, and Turkish City'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979, p. 134.〕 It lay in ruins for centuries, until the façade was re-erected (anastylosis) by archaeologists between 1970 and 1978.〔Hartwig Schmidt, 'Reconstruction of Ancient Buildings', in Marta de la Torre (ed.), ''The Conservation of Archaeological Sites in the Mediterranean Region'' (Conference, 6–12 May 1995, Getty Conservation Institute), Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1997, pp. 46-7.〕 ==History== Celsus, in the honour of whom the library was originally built, had been consul in 92 AD, governor of Asia in 105 AD, and a wealthy and popular local citizen. He was a native of nearby Sardis and amongst the earliest men of purely Greek origin to become a consul in the Roman Empire and is honoured both as a Greek and a Roman on the library itself. Celsus paid for the construction of the library with his own personal wealth. Construction on the library began in 117 AD and was completed in 120,〔 in Ephesus, a territory that was traditionally Greek. The building is important as one of the few remaining examples of an ancient Roman-influenced library. It also shows that public libraries were built not only in Rome itself but throughout the Roman Empire. The interior of the library and all its books were destroyed by fire in the devastating earthquake that struck the city in 262 A.D.〔 Only the façade survived. About 400 AD, the library was transformed into a Nymphaeum. The façade was completely destroyed by a later earthquake, probably in the eleventh or tenth century.〔 Between 1970 and 1978, a reconstruction campaign was led by the German archaeologist Volker Michael Strocka. Strocka analysed the fragments that had been excavated by Austrian archaeologists between 1903 and 1904.〔F. Hueber, V.M. Strocka, "Die Bibliothek des Celsus. Eine Prachtfassade in Ephesos und das Problem ihrer Wiederaufrichtung", ''Antike Welt'' 6 (1975), pp. 3 ss.〕 In the meantime, some architectural elements had been acquired by museums in Vienna and Istanbul. In the process of anastylosis, those absent fragments had to be replaced by copies or left missing.〔 Only the façade was rebuilt, the rest of the building remaining in ruin. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Library of Celsus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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